पक्षधर-११

Ik{k/kj dk laikndh;

VwVh gqbZ fc[kjh gqbZ dqN Vhisa

'ke’ksj cgknqj flag dh dforkvksa ij ckr djus fy, dgk¡ ls 'kq: fd;k tk,] esjs tSls dfork dh lkekU; le> j[kus okys ikBd ds fy, ;g ,d eqf'dy dk;Z gSA dfo 'ke'ksj fj>krs gSa] vkdf"kZr djrs gSa] ikl cqykrs gSa] vkReh; jkx esa ljkcksj djrs gSaA ij]T;ksagh vki bl u'ks esa Mwcdj cM+cM+kus dh] dqN dgus dh] vFkZ vkSj O;k[;k djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSa vki [kqn ctus yxrs gSa vkSj ,d lhek ds ckn [kqD[k gks tkrs gSaA cp jg tkrs gSaµ^dsoy izyki@ dsoy eSa vkSj vki@ vuki&'kuki@* 'ke'ksj dks yxkrkj i<+rs gq, viuh Mk;jh esa eSaus mudh dforkvksa ij NksVh&NksVh Vhisa] dqN&lw=] dqN Hkko] dgha&dgha dksbZ fopkj Vk¡ds gSaA ;gk¡] viuh VwVh gqbZ fc[kjh gqbZ 'kDy esa ogh Vhisa vkids lkeus j[k jgk gw¡A bl foo'k leiZ.k ds lkFk fd ^dforkvks! rqe pkjksa rjQ ls eq>ls fyiVh gqbZ gks@vkSj eSa rqEgkjs O;fDrRo ds eq[k esa@vkuan dk LFkk;h xzkl---gw¡---ewdA*

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'ke'ksj ds lkFk ;g vc rd pyk vk jgk gS fd dksbZ mUgsa Nk;kokn ls tksM+rk gS rks dksbZ izxfrokn ls] dksbZ iz;ksxokn ls rks dksbZ ubZ dfork lsA mnwZ dkO; ijEijk vkSj vaxzsth dkO;&izHkko esa Hkh mUgsa le>us&ij[kus dh dksf'k'ksa gqbZ gSaA 'ke'ksj ds ,d vè;srk us rks cdk;nk ,d lw=khdj.k fd;k gSµ^^czkmfuax ls ,dkyki] ,tjk ikm.M ls vuqdj.kkRed èofu fp=] xkfyc ls ladsr&èkfeZrk] fujkyk ls ukVdh;rk] dfeaXl ls 'kCnksa vkSj iafDr;ks dk varjky vkfn ysdj mUgksaus lHkh dks tSls vius ;gk¡ feyk fn;k gSA** xks;k 'ke'ksj dfork dh txg dksbZ lkSUn;Z o)Zd jlk;u rS;kj dj jgs gksaA D;k ;g 'ke'ksj }kjk iz;qDr ml ^foy;uoknh dkO;* dh lrgh le> ls mitk vFkZxzg.k rks ugha] ftlesa 'ke'ksj èofur]

vèofur] Lo] ij] vkfn] vukfn] bR;kfn lc dqN dks leks ysuk pkgrs gSa]QdrA

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,d lk¡pk gS] ml lk¡ps esa vki fQV gks tkb,A

gj ,d ds ikl ,d lk¡pk gSA jktuhfrK] izdk'kd]---f'k{kk laLFkkuksa ds xq# yksxksa ds iklA

;g ykWch] oks ykWchA

:l ds ihNsA ugha vejhdk dsA

ugha phu dsA vth ugha] vius ?kj ds

ckckth dsA bl >aMs ds ml >aMs dsA

---yky] ugha Hkxok] ugha dkyk] ugha lQsn---

ys[kd ,d cPpk gS

mldh Å¡xyh idM+ksA vxj og py ldrk gS] rksA

ugha rks og lkQ izlax ls ckgj gSA

NksM+ks mls! dV fge!

gk¡ g] dksbZ fy¶V ugha!!

'The Poet as Fool and Priest'

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;g lp gS fd 'ke'ksj dh dfork leqfpr O;k[;k vkSj ewY;kadu dh ek¡x djrh gSA ijarq] blls vkxs tkdj mudh dfork,¡ vius vkykspdksa ls ;g ek¡x djrh gSa fd og mudh ewy laosnukRed vuqHkwfr] ml vuqHkwfr dh jpuk izfØ;k vkSj vfHkO;fDr lEcUèkh la?k"k  dks mlds ewy Hkko vkSj :i ls vkxZfur djsA eqfDrcksèk ftls ^izfrfcEcksa ds fofHkUu iSVUlZ* dgrs gSa] 'ke'ksj dh dfork bu fofHkUu iSVUlZ dh le>nkjh dh ek¡x djrh gSA 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag dh dfork,¡ dkO;&ijaijk ds Ñr:i vkSj dyk:i ls eqfDr ds iz;kl esa jph xbZ dfork,¡ gSaA bl vFkZ esa os fgUnh dfork ds vdsys dfo gSa tks fdlh dyk] :i] :f<+] ijaijk] èkkjk] fopkj vFkok ,d ;k vusd fu;r fu;fr esa ?kVk fn, tkus okys jpukdkj ugha gSaA 'ke'ksj dk ljyhdj.k laHko ugha] fo'ks"khdj.k rks vkSj Hkh dfBuA gekjh vknr gS fd ge izR;sd pht dk ,d cksèkxE; dF; <w¡<+ ysuk pkgrs gSa] ik ysuk pkgrs gSaA

gksuk Fkk le>uk u Fkk dqN Hkh] 'ke'ksj

gksuk Hkh dgk¡ Fkk og tks ge le>s Fks

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'ke'ksj viuh dforkvksa dks Poetical Speech vkSj Common Speech nksuksa ls cpkrs gSa D;ksafd Poetical Speech uSjsfVo iks,Vªh] izkst jksekal vkSj ukWosy ds fy, gh lR; gks ldrk gS] tSls fd eSfFkyh'kj.k xqIr] dsnkjukFk vxzoky ,d gn rd eqfDrcksèkA Common Speech okyh dfork og yksdfiz; dfork gS tks lqukbZ tkrh gS] Jksrkvksa dh tqcku ij p<+ tkrh gS] tSls fd cPpu] ukxktqZu dh dfork,¡A vKs; Poetical Speech vkSj Common Speech nksuksa dk fgIuksfVd ?kkyesy djrs gSaA 'ke'ksj blls cprs gSaA

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'ke'ksj dh dfork,¡ ikBd dks ^okP;kFkZ* ds {ks= ls ckgj fudkyrh gSaA os fp=] laxhr vkfn èofu :iksa vkSj vkdkj :iksa ls vkidks ifjfpr djkrh gSaA 'ke'ksj dh dforkvksa esa ,d vLQqV HkkokRed fufgrkFkZ gksrk gSA daMh'kaM fj¶ySDlsl mudh dfork esa ugha gSA VªkVLdh 'kkfCnd (Verbal) vkSj fp=kkRed (depictive) dykvksa ds ckjs esa ckr djrs gq, fy[krs gSa fd dfork èofu;ksa dh 'kCn&lagfr gS vkSj fp=dyk jaxksa dh iSfpaxA dyk dk fu;e budks vyx&vyx vfHkO;Dr djuk ugha gS oju buesa ,d lek;kstu] ,d laxfr cukuk gh okLrfod dyk gSA (A poem is a Combination of Sounds, a Painting is aCombination of colour Spots and the laws of art are the laws of verbal combinations and of combinations of colour spots.) 'ke'ksj dh dfork,¡ Verbal vkSj depictive lagfr dh jpuk gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd 'ke'ksj dfork esa fp=.k ugha djrs oju fp=.k esa dfork djrs gSaA blhfy,] O;atuk vkSj Loj ds 'kCn fufeZr vFkkZxe ls vkxs tkdj ilyh vkSjeTts esa varfjr vFkZ dks ikuk 'ke'ksj dh ^dkO;Hkk"kk* dks ikuk gSA

exj

esjh ilyh esa gSaµfxu yks

O;atu % vkSj muds chp esa gSa

Loj

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'kCn dk 'kCnkFkZ gj 'kCn ds pkjksa vksj ,d 'kksj iSnk djrk gS ftlds dkj.k ge mlls izkIr gks ldus okys vU; ladsrksa dks lqu ugha ikrsA dqN u dj ikuk ,d rjg dh nklrk gSA dfork 'kCn ds tM+ vFkZ ds ctk; foLFkkfir vFkZ esa vfèkd #fp ysrh gSA ijge viuh fuf"Ø;rk] gekjh è;ku nsus ds izfr ykijokgh] gesa izFke esa gh my>k, jgrh gSA blfy, gekjs lcls de futh fopkj lcls vfèkd O;Dr gks tkrs gSaA dSls bl fuf"Ø;rk dks nwj fd;k tk; fd ge mÙksftr gks vU; vFkks± ds izfr laosnu'khy gks tk,¡A ge nklrk ls eqDr gks tk,¡A ;g ,d leL;k gSA blfy, dfork esa y; vkSj laxhrRo dk egÙo gSA budh igpku gesa izpfyr vkSj ijaifjr vFkZ ls vux<+ vkSj csMkSy vFkZ dh vksj [khap dj ys tkrh gSA ge vfèkd è;ku nsus dh [kkl eqnzk esa vk tkrs gSaA rc 'kCn ftl lR; dh vksj b'kkjk dj jgk gS 'kk;n ge ml vksj eqM+ tk,¡A

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cgqr vPNh dfork vDlj fcuk fdlh ekuh ds gksrh gSA 'kCnksa dk ,slk la;kstufd 'kCn viuk vFkZ [kks nsa] eqf'dy gSA tc 'kCn vius ls de jgrk gS rc Hkh foLFkkfir vFkZ nsrk gSA T;knk dguk vkSj de dguk nksuksa dk mi;ksx dfo ekewyhiu ls gVus ds fy, djrk gSA tc T;knk dgrk gS rks ,d ncko iSnk djrk gSA tc de dgrk gS rks ,d [kkyhiu ;k 'kwU;] ftldh vksj vusd vFkZ Lo;a gh ljd vkrs gSaAµ

ykSV vk] vks Qwy dh ia[kM+h

fQj

Qwy esa yx tk

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'ke'ksj dh izse lEcUèkh dfork,¡ izse dh vfèkjpuk gSa - Sturcture of Love. 'ke'ksj izse vkSj mlds Hkko ls mRiUu ekuoh; pkguk ij Nk;kokfn;ksa dh rjg dksbZ vkoj.k ugha Mkyrs u gh iz;ksxokfn;ksa dh rjg fuosZn esa tkrs gSaA xgjh vklfDr] izse dh osnuk&;kruk dks 'ke'ksj lgt vfHkO;fDr nsrs gSaA 'ke'ksj dh izse dforkvksa esa ,d lQfjax gS &nnZukd jksekuA

'ke'ksj cgknqj flag dh dforkvksa esa izse dksguh esa cus ?kko dh rjg gS] ftldk nnZ tkrk ugha] fujarj cuk jgrk gS] ij vutkuA ijarq fdlh ls gYdk&lk Hkh Nw tkus ij og nnZ fQj mHkj vkrk gS] viuk vglkl djkus yxrk gSA 'ke'ksj us viuh dqN dforkvksa ij ¼tks nks&pkj ls vfèkd ugha gSa½ NksVs&NksVs lkadsfrd uksV fy[ks gSaA ,slh gh ,d dfork gS ^jsfM;ks ij ,d ;ksjksih; laxhr lqudj*A jsfM;ks ij ctus okyh ;g ;ksjksih; èkqu dfo eu dks bl rjg :ekuh cuk nsrh gS fd mls yxrk gS fd ^^fdlh vjch&:ekuh bfrgkl ds ghjks vkSj ghjksbu vius ?kqVrs vkos'k] eeZ ls tyrs mPNokl vkSj dHkh nnZukd Qfj;knksa ds {k.k] dHkh vk¡lqvksa Hkjs ekSu dks ewrZ dj jgs gSaA** 'ke'ksj dks izk;% vKs; dh rjg ^ekSu* dk dfo eku fy;k x;k gSA D;k ^ekSu* lpeqp esa 'ke'ksj dh dfork dk foyafcr y; gS\ ;k ?kukuan dh rjg mudh dforkvksa esa ,d ^ekSuefèk iqdkj gS \ bu nksuksa ls vkxs 'ke'ksj ^veju ekSu* dh ckr djrs gSa &fg;k tjr jgr fnu jSuA

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furkar izcy O;fDrcksèk vkèkqfudrkokn dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ i{k gSA O;fDr vkSj lekt ds }U} dks vkèkqfudrk dk ,d vifjgk;Z y{k.k ekuuk pkfg,A ^O;fDroknh iziap* dks blh y{k.k ds vUrxZr ns[kuk gksxkA

Romantic poets were primarily interested in thier own individuality and in those things that made them different from other people.

'ke'ksj ,d ckSf)d jksekuh dfo gSaA Nk;koknh :ekfu;r ls gksdj fudyrs gq, vkèkqfud jksekuh dfoA izkjaHk esa jkseSafVflTe dks DykflTe ds fojksèk esa izLrqr fd;kA vkxs pydj blesa lqèkkj djrs gq, bls fj;fyTe dk fojksèkh ekuk x;kA ij] vkt D;k ;g ,d lgh LFkkiuk gS fd jksekuokn lpeqp esa ;FkkFkZokn dk fojksèkh gS\

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jkefoykl 'kekZ us tSls eqfDrcksèk ds ewY;kadu esa vkjksfir ekU;rkvksa ds cy ij vfr;k¡ dh gSa] oSlh vfr;k¡ 'ke'ksj ds ewY;kadu esa Hkh feyrh gSaA tSls] ^lkSUn;Z* ds èkjkry dk voyksdu mM+rh fuxkg ls djrs gSaA os fy[krs gSaµ^^vaxzsth dfo;ksa esa dhV~l vkSj fgUnh dfo;ksa esa fxfjtk dqekj ekFkqj dh lh l?ku ,fUnz;rk 'ke'ksj esa gS ysfdu og ewfrZdkj ugha fd vax izR;ax x<+ dj j[k nsa] u og ^dhV* dfo gSa fd ohHkRl esa gh mudk eu jes] u og ^,ClVSªDV vkVZ* okys gSa fd T;kfefr dh js[kkvksa esa ukjh dk :i [kks tk;A dbZ yksxksa us mUgsa bEizs'kfuLV dfo ¼;k dfo :i esa bEizs'kfuLV fp=dkj½ dgk gSA bEizs'kfuLV fp=dkj Hkh lkSUn;Z dks ,slh fuxkg ls ugha ns[krs tSls 'ke'ksjA :i vkSj vkdkj dh lexzrk ds cnys 'ke'ksj ,d >yd Hkj nsrs gSa] ik'oZfcEc ls dke pykrs gSa vkSj ;g >yd ;k ik'oZfcEc gh mUgsa csgks'k djus ds fy, dkQh gSA**

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D;k lpeqp! 'ke'ksj lkSUn;Z dks ^:ikdkj* ugha djrs] cl mldks >ydkrs gSa] ik'oZfcEc jprs gSa\ D;k ik'oZfcEc vkSj >yd ,d gh pht gS\ >yd vkSj ik'oZfcEc nks fHkUu vorj.k gSaA [kqn jkefoykl th us ftl dfork dk mnkgj.k viuh ckr dks fl) djus ds fy, pquk gS] ogh mnkgj.k eSa j[krk gw¡&µ

uhy ty esa m"kk dh xkSj f>yfey nsg

jkr dk xgjk lk¡oykiu Lruksa dk fcfEcr mHkkj fy,

mldh vèk[kqyh v¡xM+kb;k¡ gSa

dey ds fyiVs gq, ny

dls Hkhuh xaèk esa csgks'k HkkSajs dks

;gk¡ uhy tyA jkr dk xgjk lk¡oykiu! dey ds fyiVs gq, fcEc] >yd Hkj gSa ;k ik'oZfcEc\ vkSj vxj >yd Hkj gSa rks m"kk dh f>yfey nsg@vèk[kqyh v¡xM+kb;k¡ D;k gSa] ik'oZfcEc ;k >yd\

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'ke'ksj jhfroknh laLdkj ds dfo gSaA

njvly] jkefoykl th dk 'ke'ksj okyk ys[k ^ekDlZoknh foosd gksrs gq, Hkh mudh dfork ekDlZokn ds vuq:i ugha gqbZ* dh ,d ftn~nh èkqu esa fy[kk x;k gSA lcls igys rks ;g varj cSBkuk iM+sxk fd jhfroknh :ekuh lkSUn;Zcksèk vkSj vkèkqfud :ekuh lkSUn;Zcks/k D;k gSa\ vkSj vxj jhfroknh :ekuh lkSUn;Zcks/k dh laxfr ekDlZoknh foosd ls cSB tkrh rks mldk ^:ikdkj* D;k gksrk vFkok vkèkqfud :ekuh lkSUn;Zcksèk dh ekDlZoknh foosd ls laxfr cSB tk, rks mldk ^:ikdkj* D;k gksxk\ dfork D;k lpeqp ^dsVsxjh* esa lkSUn;Z dk cksèk djrh vkSj djkrh gS\ vxj] gk¡! rc rks ^dsVsxjh* gksus ds ukrs og iwoZ fuèkkZfjr gSA ,sls esa rks 'ke'ksj dh dsVsxjh] ftls jkefoykl th Lo;a Li"V djrs gSa ^ekDlZoknh foosd laiUu* dsVsxjh gSA oLrqr% ;g ewy leL;k 'ke'ksj dh u gksdj jkefoykl th ds Hkkocksèk vkSj fopkj cksèk dh viuh [kqn dh leL;k gS] tks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr vkSj ijaijk dh lkèkuk ds lkFk&lkFk ekDlZoknh foosd dh vjkèkuk ds uSfrd drZO;cksèk dk vUrfoZjksèk gSA vxj] vkius vdqaB lkSUn;Z dk o.kZu dj fn;k rks mls jhfroknh :eku vkSj mnwZ ds jhfroknh izHkko esa gh ns[kk tkrk gSA blls dkO; dh ikS#"krk ¼ftls jkefoykl th Økafr ds fy, vfuok;Z ekurs gSa] vkSj dsnkjukFk vxoky dks ^ikS#"k ds dfo* ds fo'ks"k.k ls uoktrs gSaA½ L[kfyr gksrh gSA ekDlZoknh foosd ds ckotwn dfo HkVd tkrk gS vkSj ^uO; jgL;okn* ds xqgkyksd esa pyk tkrk gSA mlh xqgkyksd ls og VkWpZ dh jks'kuh esa ^O;fDroknh iziapksa* dh >yd ;k ik'oZfcEc jks'ku djrk jgrk gSA ij bu lcds ckotwnµ^^---gj txg 'ke'ksj dk viuk ,d jax gSA dfork Hkjh&iwjh u mrjs] i<+dj yxs fd vlaxfBr laosnu dkxt ij mrkj fn, x, gSa] rc Hkh mudh dfork ls vkuan vkrk gSA**

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;gk¡ jkefoykl th ^dfork ls vkuan* dk D;k vFkZ ysrs gSa ^jhfroknh :ekfu;r* ls ;k ^ekDlZoknh foosd* lsA D;ksafd MkW- uxsUnz us Hkh fy[kk gS fd ^'ke'ksj dh dfork vkuan nsrh gSA* jkefoykl th rks ^ekDlZoknh foosd* ls gh 'ke'ksj dh dfork dk ewY;kadu djrs gSa tcfd MkW- uxsUnz dk ^jhfroknh jgL;okn* rks txtkfgj gSA

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jkefoykl th 'ke'ksj dh dfork dk flUVsDl vkSj MkbusfeDl le> ugha ldsA blhfy, dsnkjukFk vxzoky dk :ekuh lkSUn;Z fp=.k mUgsa ilan gSA jhfroknh iks,fVd flUVsDl dk xzg.k gh jhfroknh gksuk ugha gSA ;g njvly] jkefoykl th dh bl ekDlZoknh pkguk dk Qy gS ftlesa dfork lhèks&lhèks jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj uSfrd foo{kk ls ;qDr gksA ;g vkxzg ,d rjg dk moral inversion gSA vkWDVksfo;ks ikWt dk ,d e'kgwj dFku ;kn vk jgk gSµ"Poet is a food which the bourgeoise-as a class has proved incapable of digesting."

'ke'ksj dh dforkvksa dks i<+rs gq, ;g dHkh ugha yxrk fd muds fy, uSfrd (moral) vkSj dykRed (artistic) nqfoèkk dksbZ ekuh j[krh gSA

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jkefoykl th ds fy, vkèkqfudrk dk vFkZ&foosd'khy rkfdZdrk] cqf)okn] jk"Vªh; psruk ¼tkrh;rk½ vkSj vkSifuosf'kd vFkZO;oLFkk dk fojksèk FkkA iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk esa O;fDr&eu dh tfVyrkvksa] thou dh vusdkFkZrkvksa dk muds fy, dksbZ egÙo ugha FkkA njvly] ;g ^vkèkkj* vkSj ^vfèkjpuk* dh og lkekU; le> gS ftlesa ^iw¡th* vkèkkj gS vkSj mldk izfrfcEc ^laLÑfr* vfèkjpukA ij] jkefoykl th laLÑfr dks ;fn izfrfcEc ek= u ekudj iw¡th ds izfrQy ds :i esa vFkkZUrfjr dj ikrs rks laHkor% vkèkqfudrk ds ladVksa dks le> ikrs vkSj vkèkqfudrkokn dks HkhA vusZLV fQ'kj dk ekuuk gS fd ^^dyk dk dk;Z iw¡thoknh ns'kksa esa Hkh vkSj lektoknh ns'kksa esa Hkh vtufc;r dks mtkxj djuk vkSj thou dh vekuoh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fo#) la?k"kZ djuk gSA** fQ'kj czs[+r dk mnkgj.k nsrk gS vkSj fy[krk gS fd ^^czs[+r us bfrgkl esa viuk LFkku ,d fuf'pr fopkj èkkjk ds laokgd ds :i esa ugha] vfirq ,d mRÑ"V dfo ds :i esa cuk;kA**

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'ke'ksj ;g vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd Hkkoksa dk midFku vkSj fopkjksa dk vuqdFku dfork ugha gSAizR;sd euq"; Hkko vkSj fopkj dh n`f"V ls fdlh u fdlh ^ledky* esa thrk gS] fdlh u fdlh le:iksa dh ekStwnk ;k dfYir dksfV;ksa esa lksprk gS] mls ikus ;k nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA ;g ikuk vkSj NksM+uk Hkh O;fDrxr ugha] lkekftd&vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA mldh fofHkUu Lrjh;rkvksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA fQj] Åijh lrg ij rSjrs gq, 'kCnksa esa gh ^dfork* dks ik ysus dh pkg gesa fujk'kk ls Hkj nsxhA laHko gS fd eq¡g fp<+k nsxhA ,sls esa gekjh [kh> bl <ax ls O;Dr gksxh fd ge mls jhfroknh ;k :ioknh dfork dg mlds eq¡g ij vuSfrdrk dh dkfy[k iksrdj Hkkx [kM+s gksaA

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'ke'ksj dh dfork vuqHkwfr;ksa dk ljyhdj.k ugha gksus nsrhA ;g mldh etcwjh gS ;k eqf'dy ugha irkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mudh dfork,¡ ^baVjVsu* rks djrh gSa ij ^baVjizsV* ugha gksrhaA ge 'ke'ksj dh dforkvksa ds izHkko esa vius dks Hkwy ldrs gSa ij vkuan foHkksj ugha gks ldrsA izseh dh rjg mlds vUrjax cu ldrs gSa ij ml vUrjaxrk dk c;ku ugha dj ldrsA

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jksekuokn 'ke'ksj dh foMacuk gSA :iokn foo'krkA ;FkkFkZokn o vfr;FkkFkZokn izfrfØ;k,¡A

                                                                    fouksn frokjh